♦False (*)
FOR i in 1 .. 3 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
i PLS_INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
WHILE i<3 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
i := i + 1;
END LOOP;
END;
i PLS_INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
WHILE i<3 LOOP
i := i + 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
(*)
♦DECLARE
i PLS_INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
WHILE i<3 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
i := i+ 1;
END;
3. What will happen when the following code is executed?
FOR i in 1 ..3 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (i);
i := i + 1;
END LOOP;
END;
♦It will display 2, 3, 4.
♦It will result in an error because you cannot modify the counter in a FOR loop. (*)
♦It will result in an error because the counter was not explicitly declared.
4. In a FOR loop, an implicitly declared counter automatically increases or decreases with each iteration. True or False?
♦True (*)
♦False
5. Which statement best describes when a WHILE loop should be used?
♦When the number of iterations is known
♦When repeating a sequence of statements until the controlling condition is no longer true (*)
♦When assigning a value to a Boolean variable
♦When testing whether a variable is null
6. Which statement best describes when a FOR loop should be used?
♦When the number of iterations is known (*)
♦When testing the value in a Boolean variable
♦When the controlling condition must be evaluated at the start of each iteration
7. Examine the following block:
v_counter PLS_INTEGER := 1;
BEGIN
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter);
v_counter := v_counter + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_counter = 5;
END LOOP;
END;
What is the last value of V_COUNTER that is displayed?
♦5
♦6
♦4 (*)
♦This is an infinite loop; the loop will never finish.
8. Which one of these is NOT a kind of loop?
♦ASCENDING loop (*)
♦FOR loop
♦Basic loop
♦WHILE loop
9. What kind of statement is best suited for displaying the multiplication table for “sixes”: 6×1=6, 6×2=12 … 6×12=72?
♦CASE expression
♦IF statement
♦CASE statement
♦LOOP statement (*)
10. A PL/SQL block contains the following code:
LOOP
EXIT WHEN v_counter = 5;
v_counter := v_counter + 1;
END LOOP;
What is the value of V_COUNTER after the loop is finished?
♦5 (*)
♦6
♦1
♦This is an infinite loop; the loop will never finish.
11. Which kind of loop is this?
LOOP
v_count := v_count + 1;
EXIT WHEN i > 20;
END LOOP;
♦IF-THEN loop
♦Basic loop (*)
♦WHILE loop
♦CASE loop
12. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a CASE statement?
♦It ends with END CASE;
♦It can be a complete PL/SQL block
♦It returns a value (*)
♦It evaluates a condition and performs an action
13. You want to display a message which depends on the value of v_grade: if v_grade = ‘A’ display ‘Very Good’, if v_grade = ‘B’ then display ‘Good’, and so on.
v_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
CASE v_grade
The next line should be:
♦WHEN ‘A’ THEN (*)
♦WHEN v_grade = ‘A’ THEN
♦WHEN ‘A’ THEN;
♦IF ‘A’ THEN
14. You want to assign a value to v_result which depends on the value of v_grade: if v_grade = ‘A’ set v_result to ‘Very Good’ and so on.
v_grade CHAR(1);
v_result VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
v_result :=
CASE v_grade
The next line should be:
♦WHEN v_grade = ‘A’ THEN ‘Very Good’
♦WHEN ‘A’ THEN ‘Very Good’;
♦WHEN ‘A’ THEN v_result := ‘Very Good’;
♦WHEN ‘A’ THEN ‘Very Good’ (*)
15. What value will v_answer contain after the following code is executed?
v_age NUMBER:= 18;
v_answer VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
v_answer :=
CASE
WHEN v_age < 25 THEN ‘Young’
WHEN v_age = 18 THEN ‘Exactly 18’
ELSE ‘Older’
END CASE;
END;
♦Young (*)
♦Null
♦Older
16. What will be the value of variable c after the following code is executed?
a BOOLEAN := TRUE;
b BOOLEAN := FALSE;
c NUMBER;
BEGIN
c :=
CASE
WHEN a AND b THEN 10
WHEN NOT a THEN 20
WHEN a OR b THEN 30
ELSE 40
END;
END;
♦20
♦40
♦10
17. Examine the following code:
v_outer_count NUMBER := 1;
v_inner_count NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
LOOP
LOOP
v_inner_count := v_inner_count + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_inner_count > 5; — Line A
END LOOP;
v_outer_count := v_outer_count + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_outer_count > 3;
END LOOP;
END;
What happens at Line A when the value of V_INNER_COUNT equals 6?
♦Both loops are exited and the block’s execution is terminated.
♦The inner loop is exited but the outer loop continues execution. (*)
♦The outer loop is exited but the inner loop continues execution.
♦An error condition is returned.
18. You want to display multiplication tables for numbers up to 12. The display should look like this:
1 x 1 = 1
1 x 2 = 2
…..
1 x 12 = 12
2 x 1 = 2
2 x 2 = 4
…..
2 x 12 = 24
3 x 1 = 3
…..
…..
12 x 12 = 144
Which of the following is an efficient way to do this in PL/SQL?
♦Use two nested FOR loops. (*)
♦Store all the numbers from 1 to 144 in a table, then fetch and display them using a cursor.
♦Create a function which accepts two numbers as IN parameters and returns their product. Invoke the function 144 times.
♦Write an anonymous block which contains 144 calls to DBMS_OUTPUT, each looking like: DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘7 x 9 = 63’);
19. What kinds of loops can be nested?
♦BASIC loops
♦WHILE loops
♦FOR loops
♦All of the above (*)
20. Examine the following code:
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..8 LOOP
EXIT WHEN j = 7;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i || j);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;
How many lines of output will be displayed when this code is executed?
♦35
♦6
♦30 (*)
♦40
21. Examine the following code:
DECLARE
a BOOLEAN := TRUE;
b BOOLEAN := FALSE;
c BOOLEAN := TRUE;
d BOOLEAN := FALSE;
game char(4) := ‘lost’;
BEGIN
IF ((a AND b) AND (c OR d))
THEN game := ‘won’;
END IF;
What is the value of GAME at the end of this block?
♦won’
♦lost’ (*)
♦False
a VARCHAR2(6) := NULL;
b VARCHAR2(6) := NULL;
BEGIN
IF a = b THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘EQUAL’);
ELSIF a != b THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘UNEQUAL’);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘OTHER’);
END IF;
END;
Which word will be displayed?
♦UNEQUAL
♦EQUAL
♦Nothing will be displayed
♦OTHER (*)
23. You need to execute a set of statements 10 times, increasing a counter by 1 each time. Which of the following PL/SQL constructs can do this? (Choose three)
♦IF … THEN … ELSE
♦A WHILE loop (*)
♦CASE … WHEN … THEN
♦A FOR loop (*)
♦A basic loop (*)
24. How many ELSIF statements are you allowed to have in a compound IF statement?
♦Only one
♦As many as you want (*)
♦They must match the same number as the number of ELSE statements.
♦None; the command is ELSE IF;
25. What is the correct form of a simple IF statement?
♦IF condition THEN statement;
♦IF condition THEN statement;
END IF; (*)
♦IF condition;
THEN statement;
END IF;
♦IF condition
THEN statement
ENDIF;
26. What is one of the advantages of using parameters with a cursor?
♦You can use a cursor FOR loop.
♦You can declare the cursor FOR UPDATE.
♦You do not need to DECLARE the cursor at all.
♦You can use a single cursor to fetch a different set of rows each time the cursor is opened. (*)
♦It will execute much faster than a cursor without parameters.
27. A cursor has been declared as:
CURSOR c_curs (p_param VARCHAR2) IS
SELECT * FROM mytable
WHERE mycolumn = p_param.
Which of the following will open the cursor successfully?
♦OPEN c_curs(p_param = ‘ABC’);
♦OPEN c_curs(‘ABC’); (*)
♦OPEN c_curs USING (‘ABC’);
♦p_param := ‘ABC’;
OPEN c_curs(p_param);
28. When using a cursor FOR loop, OPEN, CLOSE and FETCH statements should not be explicitly coded. True or False?
♦True (*)
♦False
29. Examine the following code. To display the salary of an employee, what must be coded at Point A?
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT * FROM employees;
BEGIN
FOR emp_rec IN emp_curs LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( — what goes here ? );
END LOOP;
END;
♦emp_curs.salary
♦emp_rec.salary (*)
♦employees.salary
♦emp_rec.salary IN emp_curs
30. The following code fragment shows a cursor FOR loop:
Which of the following do NOT need to be coded explicitly? (Choose three.)
♦OPEN emp_cursor; (*)
♦DECLARE CURSOR emp_cursor IS …
♦emp_record emp_cursor%ROWTYPE; (*)
♦FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_record; (*)
♦END LOOP;
31. Examine the following code:
DECLARE
CURSOR c IS SELECT * FROM employees FOR UPDATE;
c_rec c%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN c;
FOR i IN 1..20 LOOP
FETCH c INTO c_rec;
IF i = 6 THEN
UPDATE employees SET first_name = ‘Joe’
WHERE CURRENT OF c;
END IF;
END LOOP;
CLOSE c;
END;
Which employee row or rows will be updated when this block is executed?
♦The first 6 fetched rows will be updated.
♦No rows will be updated because you locked the rows when the cursor was opened.
♦The 6th fetched row will be updated. (*)
♦The block will not compile because the cursor should have been declared …. FOR UPDATE WAIT 5;
♦None of the above.
32. A cursor is declared as:
CURSOR c IS SELECT * FROM departments FOR UPDATE;
After opening the cursor and fetching some rows, you want to delete the most recently fetched row. Which of the following will do this successfully?
♦DELETE FROM c WHERE CURRENT OF c;
♦DELETE FROM departments WHERE CURRENT OF c; (*)
♦DELETE FROM c WHERE CURRENT OF departments;
♦DELETE FROM departments WHERE c%ROWCOUNT = 1;
♦None of the above.
33. Consider the following cursor:
SELECT e.last_name, e.salary, d.department_name
FROM employees e JOIN departments d
USING(department_id)
WHERE e.last_name=’Smith’
FOR UPDATE;
When the cursor is opened and rows are fetched, what is locked?
♦The whole EMPLOYEES table is locked.
♦In the EMPLOYEES table, only the ‘Smith’ rows are locked. Nothing in the DEPARTMENTS table is locked.
♦Each ‘Smith’ row is locked and Smith’s matching rows in DEPARTMENTS are locked. No other rows are locked in either table. (*)
♦The whole EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENTS tables are locked.
♦Nothing is locked because the cursor was not declared with NOWAIT.
34. Examine the following code fragment:
CURSOR emp_curs IS
SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employees;
v_emp_rec emp_curs%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
…
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_emp_rec;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(… Point A …);
 …
To display the fetched last name, what should you code at Point A?
♦v_emp_rec.last_name (*)
♦v_emp_rec(last_name)
♦v_emp_rec
last_name
♦None of the above
35. Assume that you have declared a cursor called C_EMP. Which of the following statements about C_EMP is correct? (Choose two.)
♦You can use c_emp%NOTFOUND to exit a loop. (*)
♦You can fetch rows when c_emp%ISOPEN evaluates to FALSE.
♦You can use c_emp%ROWCOUNT to return the number of rows returned by the cursor so far. (*)
♦You can use c_emp%FOUND after the cursor is closed.
36. The following cursor has been declared:
SELECT first_name, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees;
Which of the following correctly declares a composite record with the same structure as the cursor?
♦emp_rec emp_rec%ROWTYPE;
♦emp_rec emp_curs%TYPE;
♦emp_rec emp_curs%ROWTYPE; (*)
♦emp_rec cursor%ROWTYPE;
37. Which of the following cursor attributes evaluates to TRUE if the cursor is open?
♦%ISOPEN (*)
♦%NOTFOUND
♦%FOUND
♦%ROWCOUNT
38. The employees table contains 11 columns. The following block declares a cursor and a record based on the cursor:
CURSOR emp_curs IS
SELECT * FROM employees;
v_emp_rec emp_curs%ROWTYPE;
A twelfth column is now added to the employees table. Which of the following statements is true?
♦The declaration of emp_rec must be changed to add an extra field.
♦The block will still work correctly without any changes to the PL/SQL code. (*)
♦The block will fail and an INVALID_CURSOR exception will be raised.
♦An extra scalar variable must be declared to correspond to the twelfth table column.
39. Which of the following cursor attributes is set to the total number of rows returned so far?
♦%ISOPEN
♦%NOTFOUND
♦%FOUND
♦%ROWCOUNT (*)
40. When using multiple nested cursors, what kinds of loops can you use?
♦Cursor FOR loops only.
♦Basic loops only.
♦WHILE loops only.
♦None of the above.
♦All of the above. (*)
41. Which of the following is a good reason to declare and use multiple cursors in a single PL/SQL block?
♦Multiple cursors improve performance. They are faster than using a single cursor.
♦Multiple cursors use less memory than a single cursor.
♦Multiple cursors allow us to fetch rows from two or more related tables without using a JOIN. (*)
♦Multiple cursors are the only way to use cursors with parameters.
♦Multiple cursors can be opened many times, while a single cursor can be opened only once.
42. What is wrong with the following code?
DECLARE
CURSOR emp_curs(p_dept_id NUMBER) IS
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = p_dept_id;
BEGIN
FOR dept_rec IN (SELECT * FROM departments) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dept_rec.department_name);
FOR emp_rec IN emp_curs(dept_rec.department_id) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_rec.last_name);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;
♦The DEPARTMENTS cursor must be declared with a parameter.
♦You cannot use a cursor with a subquery in nested loops.
♦You cannot use two different kinds of loop in a single PL/SQL block.
EMP_CURS should not be DECLAREd explicitly; it should be coded as a subquery in a cursor FOR loop.
♦Nothing is wrong. The block will execute successfully and display all departments and the employees in those departments. (*)
43. Examine the following code:
CURSOR emp_curs IS
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary;
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
…
Which of the following statements successfully opens the cursor and fetches the first row of the active set?
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_last_name, v_salary;
(*)
♦OPEN emp_curs;
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_salary, v_last_name;
♦OPEN emp_curs;
FETCH FIRST emp_curs INTO v_last_name, v_salary;
♦OPEN emp_curs;
FETCH emp_curs;
44. An explicit cursor must always be declared, opened and closed by the PL/SQL programmer. True or False?
♦True
♦False (*)
45. Place the following statements in the correct sequence:
2. CLOSE my_curs;
3. CURSOR my_curs IS SELECT my_column FROM my_table;
4. FETCH my_curs INTO my_variable;
♦C,A,D,B (*)
♦A,C,D,B
♦C,A,B,D
 CURSOR emp_curs IS
 SELECT job_id FROM employees;
v_job_id employees.job_id%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_curs;
LOOP
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_job_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_job_id);
EXIT WHEN emp_curs%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_curs;
END;
♦The block will fail and an error message will be displayed.
♦21 rows of output will be displayed; the first job_id will be displayed twice.
♦21 rows of output will be displayed; the last job_id will be displayed twice. (*)
47. What will happen when the following code is executed?
SELECT salary FROM employees;
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_curs;
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_salary;
CLOSE emp_curs;
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_salary;
END;
♦The first employee row will be fetched twice.
♦The first two employee rows will be fetched.
♦The block will fail and a TOO_MANY_ROWS exception will be raised.
48. For which type of SQL statement must you use an explicit cursor?
♦DML statements that process more than one row.
♦Queries that return more than one row. (*)
♦Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.
♦Queries that return a single row.
49. Which of these statements about implicit cursors is NOT true?
♦They are declared automatically by Oracle for single-row SELECT statements.
♦They are declared automatically by Oracle for all DML statements.
♦They are declared by the PL/SQL programmer. (*)
♦They are opened and closed automatically by Oracle.
50. Which of these constructs can be used to fetch multiple rows from a cursor’s active set?
♦A CASE statement
♦An IF …. ELSE statement
♦A basic loop which includes FETCH and EXIT WHEN statements (*)
♦A basic loop which includes OPEN, FETCH and CLOSE statements
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